O que é Geolocalização?

$ curl "https://api.ip2location.io/?key={YOUR_API_KEY}&ip=18.119.106.114"

{
    "ip": "18.119.106.114",
    "country_code": "US",
    "country_name": "United States of America",
    "region_name": "Ohio",
    "district": "Franklin County",
    "city_name": "Columbus",
    "latitude": 39.96138,
    "longitude": -82.99775,
    "zip_code": "43085",
    "time_zone": "-05:00",
    "asn": "16509",
    "as": "Amazon.com Inc.",
    "isp": "Amazon Technologies Inc.",
    "domain": "amazon.com",
    "net_speed": "T1",
    "idd_code": "1",
    "area_code": "614",
    "weather_station_code": "USOH0212",
    "weather_station_name": "Columbus",
    "mcc": "-",
    "mnc": "-",
    "mobile_brand": "-",
    "elevation": 231,
    "usage_type": "DCH",
    "address_type": "Unicast",
    "ads_category": "IAB19-11",
    "ads_category_name": "Data Centers",
    "continent": {
        "name": "North America",
        "code": "NA",
        "hemisphere": [
            "north",
            "west"
        ],
        "translation": {
            "lang": null,
            "value": null
        }
    },
    "country": {
        "name": "United States of America",
        "alpha3_code": "USA",
        "numeric_code": 840,
        "demonym": "Americans",
        "flag": "https:\/\/cdn.ip2location.io\/assets\/img\/flags\/us.png",
        "capital": "Washington, D.C.",
        "total_area": 9826675,
        "population": 339665118,
        "currency": {
            "code": "USD",
            "name": "United States Dollar",
            "symbol": "$"
        },
        "language": {
            "code": "EN",
            "name": "English"
        },
        "tld": "us",
        "translation": {
            "lang": null,
            "value": null
        }
    },
    "region": {
        "name": "Ohio",
        "code": "US-OH",
        "translation": {
            "lang": null,
            "value": null
        }
    },
    "city": {
        "name": "Columbus",
        "translation": {
            "lang": null,
            "value": null
        }
    },
    "time_zone_info": {
        "olson": "America\/New_York",
        "current_time": "2024-12-21T07:50:16-05:00",
        "gmt_offset": -18000,
        "is_dst": false,
        "sunrise": "07:48",
        "sunset": "17:11"
    },
    "geotargeting": {
        "metro": "535"
    },
    "is_proxy": false,
    "fraud_score": 68,
    "proxy": {
        "last_seen": 23,
        "proxy_type": "DCH",
        "threat": "SCANNER",
        "provider": "-",
        "is_vpn": false,
        "is_tor": false,
        "is_data_center": true,
        "is_public_proxy": false,
        "is_web_proxy": false,
        "is_web_crawler": false,
        "is_residential_proxy": false,
        "is_consumer_privacy_network": false,
        "is_enterprise_private_network": false,
        "is_spammer": false,
        "is_scanner": true,
        "is_botnet": false
    }
}